Stationary Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells for Residential, Commercial, and Industrial

Applications: Market Analysis and Forecasts

With global electricity demand continuing to rise, distributed energy generation, using a variety of renewable power technologies, is one of the most important tools for to address energy needs in ways that will have a limited impact on worldwide carbon emissions. Within the Renewable Distributed Energy Generation (RDEG) market, stationary fuel cells, while a relatively small category, are nevertheless an important part of the solution for a variety of residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

Pike Research’s analysis indicates that stationary fuel cells offer enormous long-term potential. They offer a clean, efficient source of electricity and range in size from 1 kW up to 10 MW or more. With reformer technology, fuel cells are able to tap into established or accessible sources of fuels such as natural gas, and they can run off of various other fuels including biofuels and gases that are by-products of adjacent industrial processes. With cogeneration or combined heat and power, efficiencies improve dramatically from 40–50% up to as high as 85%. However, cost issues make the technologies’ long-term potential difficult to predict. In order for costs to come down, volumes will have to increase. However, in order for volumes to materialize, costs will need to be reduced substantially. Without uniform government subsidy programs, it is unclear if or when that tipping point may occur. The estimated size of the fuel cell market in 2008 was 38 MW, and it is expected to grow to 219 MW by 2013, representing a CAGR% of 33%. This translates into a market with a dollar value of $242M in 2008 that will grow to nearly $716M by 2013, representing a CAGR% of 24%.

This Pike Research report analyzes the market for stationary fuel cells in the context of the broader RDEG market, which also includes solar photovoltaics and small wind technologies. The study covers key business issues and drivers of demand for distributed fuel cells, including government-driven legislation and incentives as well as market-based factors. Technology and cost issues are examined in depth, as are a number of key industry players. Market forecasts include fuel cell capacity for large and small stationary applications, system revenues, and installed prices through 2013 for installations in all regions of the world, with line-item segmentation for 12 key countries.

Key questions addressed:
Why is sub-utility scale Renewable Distributed Energy Generation (RDEG) an important part of the solution to the challenges of climate change?
What is small wind power and how does it fit in the RDEG landscape?
What are the key sub-utility scale RDEG technologies and how do they compare across a number of dimensions?
How big is the Stationary Fuel Cell category today and how large is the market forecast to grow?
What are the key applications of Fuel Cells?
What are the key drivers of growth for Fuel Cells?
Who are the key industry players in the Fuel Cell market?
Who needs this report?
Fuel cell technology developers
Distribution, installation, and service providers
Distributed generation project developers
Government agencies
Investor community
Industry associations and non-profit organizations
Consulting firms and investment banks focused on RDEG technologies
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Market Issues
2.1 Defining the Market

2.2 Fuel Cells

2.3 Energy Storage

2.3.1 Batteries

2.3.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage

2.3.3 Flywheels

2.3.4 Pumped Hydro

2.3.5 Supercapacitors

2.3.6 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage

2.4 Greening of Conventional DEG Technologies

2.4.1 Microturbines

2.4.2 Combustion Turbines

2.4.3 Reciprocating Engines

2.5 Market Segmentation

2.5.1 Global Cumulative Electricity Capacity

2.5.2 Global Cumulative Renewable Electricity Capacity

2.5.3 Global Electricity Generation Capacity Additions

2.5.4 Global Renewable Electricity Generation Capacity Additions

2.5.5 Global Distributed Renewable Electricity Generation Capacity Additions

2.6 Industry Growth Drivers

2.6.1 Legislative, Regulatory, Incentives, and Subsidies

2.6.2 Improvements to Existing Technologies

2.6.3 Emergence of New Technologies

2.6.4 Cogeneration

2.6.5 Other Drivers

2.6.5.1 Push for Energy Independence

2.6.5.2 Benefits of Green Marketing

2.6.5.3 Supporting Organizational Missions

2.7 Implementation Issues

2.7.1 Grid Interconnection

3. Technology Issues
3.1 History

3.2 Basic Principles

3.3 Strengths and Weaknesses

3.4 Types

3.4.1 Proton Exchange Membrane

3.4.2 Phosphoric Acid

3.4.3 Molten Carbonate

3.4.4 Solid Oxide

3.5 Market Trends

3.6 Marketability and Commercialization

3.6.1 Cost

3.6.2 Efficiency

3.6.3 Reliability

3.6.4 Scalability

3.6.5 Availability

3.6.6 Fuel Cell Summary Comparison

3.7 RDEG Applications

3.7.1 Residential Cogeneration

3.7.2 Institutions, Schools, and Government

3.7.3 Telecom Primary and Backup Power

3.7.4 Industrial / Large Commercial

3.7.5 Hybrid Systems

3.7.6 Application Comparison

4. Demand Drivers
4.1 Legislation, Regulations, Incentives, and Subsidies

4.1.1 United States

4.1.1.1 State Level

4.1.1.2 California

4.1.1.3 New Jersey

4.1.1.4 Connecticut

4.1.1.4 Pennsylvania

4.1.2 Europe

4.1.2.1 Germany

4.1.2.2 United Kingdom

4.1.2.3 European Union

4.1.3 Asia Pacific

4.1.3.1 Japan

4.1.3.2 Korea

4.1.4 Rest of the World

4.2 Nonlegislative, Regulatory, Incentives, and Funding Drivers

4.2.1 Conventional Energy Demand Trends

4.2.2 Economics Overview

4.2.2.1 Conventional Electricity Price

4.2.2.2 RDEG Technology Price

4.2.3 Break-Even Analysis

4.2.3.1 Fuel Cells

5. Market Forecasts
5.1 World Energy Generation

5.2 World Renewable Distributed Energy Generation

5.3 Fuel Cells

5.3.1 North America

5.3.2 Europe

5.3.3 Asia Pacific

5.3.4 Rest of the World

6. Key Industry Players

6.1 FuelCell Energy

6.2 Ballard Power Systems

6.3 IdaTech

6.4 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited

6.5 ReliOn

7. Company Directory
8. Acronym and Abbreviation List
9. Table of Contents
10. Table of Figures
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
Segmentation of Major Electricity Generation Sources into Renewable and Distributed
Global Cumulative Electricity Capacity by Source, World Markets: 2007
Global Cumulative Renewable Electricity Capacity, Distributed vs. Centralized, World Markets: 2007
Global Cumulative Renewable Electricity Capacity by Source, World Markets: 2007
Global Electricity Generation Capacity Additions by Source, World Markets: 2007
Global Renewable Electricity Generation Capacity Additions, Distributed vs. Centralized, World Markets: 2007
Global Renewable Electricity Generation Capacity Additions by Source, World Markets: 2007
Global Distributed Renewable Electricity Generation Capacity Additions by Source, World Markets: 2007
Representative Global Deployments of Telecom Backup Power by Technology, World Markets
U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards, Goals, and Required Renewables
Comparative Household Electricity Prices for Industrialized Countries, World Markets: 1999-2006
Comparative Industry Electricity Prices for Industrialized Countries, World Markets: 1999-2006
Electricity Generation Sources for U.S., OECD Europe and Japan: 2007
Comparative Prices of Conventional and RDEG Electricity Generation Sources
Ballard Power Stationary Application Shipment and Price Plans: 2007-2010
Ballard Power Cost Reduction Plans for Telecom Backup Fuel Cell Stack: 2008-2010
Ballard Power Cost Reduction Plans for Residential Micro CHP Fuel Cell Stack: 2008-2010
Fuel Cell Energy Product Cost Reduction and Comparison to Grid Power Costs: 1996-2008
Installed Fuel Cell System Costs, World Markets: 2007–2013
Global Installed Electricity Generating Capacity by Geographic Region, World Markets: 2005-2025
Annual RDEG Technologies Capacity Additions, World Markets: 2007-2013
Annual RDEG Technology Revenue, World Markets: 2007-2013
Schematic of Basic Fuel Cell Operation by Electrolyte and Application

List of Tables
Summary Comparison of RDEG Technologies
Summary of Relevant RDEG Standards and Permitting Agencies
Summary Comparison of Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications
Summary Comparison of Applications by RDEG Technology
Summary of Emission Reduction Targets for Major Industrialized Nations and Regions
Summary Comparison of U.S. Federal Tax Credit for RDEG Technologies
Summary of U.S. Federal Subsidies and Incentives for RDEG Technologies

Posted in Clean Industry, Energy Storage, Research

The cost of this 63-page report is $1500.